What is oxidative LDL?
Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) represents a variety of modification of both lipid and apolipoprotein B (apoB) components by lipid peroxidation. This promotes atherosclerosis through inflammatory and immunologic mechanisms that lead to the formation of macrophage foam cells.
What is the role of LDL in atherogenesis?
In addition to facilitating uptake by macrophages and ultimately foam cell formation, oxidised LDL particles promote atherosclerosis via endothelial dysfunction (due to impaired release of nitric oxide and increased endothelial production of oxygen free radicals), macrophage recruitment, enhanced platelet aggregation …
Are there 2 types of LDL?
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) are two different types of lipoproteins found in your blood.
What is LDL made of?
They are a combination of fat (lipid) and protein. The lipids need to be attached to the proteins so they can move through the blood. LDL and HDL have different purposes: LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins.
Why is high LDL bad?
LDL (low-density lipoprotein), sometimes called “bad” cholesterol, makes up most of your body’s cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol raise your risk for heart disease and stroke.
What causes LDL to oxidise?
The oxidation of LDL is thought to occur when LDL cholesterol particles in your body react with free radicals; unstable molecules that are produced as a result of normal metabolism, a disease, or exposure to toxins.
What happens to oxidised LDL?
“Oxidized LDL moves rapidly into arterial walls and engorges them with cholesterol,” Meyer said. “Cholesterol ultimately converts into plaque, blocking the arteries or, in a worst case scenario, rupturing and sending clots into the bloodstream, causing heart attacks and/or strokes.”
Which is worse LDL or VLDL?
LDL is considered ‘bad’ cholesterol because high levels can lead to the buildup of plaque in your arteries,” said Chiadika. “VLDL is considered ‘bad’ cholesterol as well but it mainly carries triglycerides, the most common type of fat in your body.
How can I lower my LDL naturally?
A few changes in your diet can reduce cholesterol and improve your heart health:
- Reduce saturated fats. Saturated fats, found primarily in red meat and full-fat dairy products, raise your total cholesterol.
- Eliminate trans fats.
- Eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
- Increase soluble fiber.
- Add whey protein.
What is a good LDL level for a woman?
According to Michos, an ideal LDL cholesterol level should be less than 70 mg/dl, and a woman’s HDL cholesterol level ideally should be close to 50 mg/dl. Triglycerides should be less than 150 mg/dl. As Michos notes, total cholesterol levels well below 200 mg/dl are best.
Why is oxidation of LDL bad?
Oxidized LDL is LDL cholesterol (the “bad” cholesterol) that has been modified by oxidation. Oxidized LDL triggers inflammation leading to the formation of plaque in the arteries, also known as atherosclerosis.
How does oxidized LDL play a role in atherogenesis?
Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) binding to ox-LDL receptor-1 in endothelial cells induces the activation of NF-kappaB through an increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species
What is the role of LOX-1 in atherogenesis?
LOX-1 is a 50 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as receptor for ox-LDL, modified lipoproteins, activated platelets and advance glycation end-products.
How is ox-LDL transported to the endothelial cells?
Ox-LDL uptake via LOX-1 causes endothelial activation. Uptake of ox-LDL in endothelial cells (internalization) and subsequent extrusion may be a mechanism by which ox-LDL is transported to the subendothelial region.
Where are ox-LDL and LOX-1 located?
1 Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States.