What is meant by ultimate analysis?
Ultimate analysis is defined as the determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur in a wide type of organic and inorganic samples, both solid and liquid.
What is ultimate analysis of coal?
Summary. The ultimate analysis of coal involves determination of the weight percent carbon as well as sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen (usually estimated by difference). Trace elements that occur in coal are typically included as a part of the ultimate analysis.
What is ultimate analysis in chemistry?
Abstract. Ultimate analysis of coal and coke is defined in ASTM D3176 as the determination of the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur in the material, as found in the gaseous products of its complete combustion, the determination ash in the material as a whole, and the estimation of oxygen by difference.
What is the significance of lignite?
ABSTRACT. Lignite is the most important domestic energy source and dominated electricity production in Turkey for many years. Recently, new lignite coal reserves have been explored and are thought to contain 15.6 billion tons, which would constitute about 7.1% of the total world’s lignite reserves.
Why is ultimate analysis important?
Ultimate analysis provides a convenient method for reporting the major organic elemental composition of coal. For this analysis, a coal sample is combusted in an ultimate analyzer, which measures the weight percent of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and ash from a coal sample.
What is the difference between ultimate and proximate analysis?
Proximate analysis of coal is an assay of the quantity of the coal. The ultimate analysis is the element analysis of the coal. It is used for classification, the gradation of coal and predicting its industrial use. It is used to find the calorific value of the coal and heat balance sheets.
What is the main purpose of proximate analysis of coal?
Proximate analysis covers the determination of moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash in coals and cokes, and is used to establish the rank of coals, to show the ratio of combustible to incombustible constituents, or to provide the basis for buying/selling, and otherwise evaluating coal for various purposes.
Why is lignite bad?
Lignite is likely to have more sulphur and ash content and less energetic value compared to hard coal, so burning lignite in coal power plants creates more air pollutant emissions per megawatt generated.
Why lignite is more useful than peat?
Explanation: Lignite – is the lowest rank of coal – which means that it has the lowest heating value and lowest carbon content. Although lignite is more solid than peat it crumbles when shipped long distances. It has a high heating value, but it also has a high sulfur content.
What is the difference between proximate and ultimate analysis?
The key difference between proximate and ultimate analysis of coal is that proximate analysis is the technique used to analyze the moisture content, ash content and fixed carbon of coal whereas ultimate analysis is the technique used to analyze the chemical composition of coal.
What is significance of proximate and ultimate analysis?
proximate analysis involves the determination of moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon. The ultimate analysis is essential for calculating heat balances in any process for which coal is employed as a fuel.
What is the purpose of proximate analysis?
Proximate analysis of a fuel provides the percentage of the material that burns in a gaseous state (volatile matter), in the solid state (fixed carbon), and the percentage of inorganic waste material (ash), and is therefore of fundamental importance for biomass energy use [37].
What is the energy content of lignite in Australia?
The energy content of lignite consumed in Victoria, Australia, averages 8.4 MJ/kg (7.3 million BTU/ton). Lignite has a high content of volatile matter which makes it easier to convert into gas and liquid petroleum products than higher-ranking coals.
How is the moisture content of lignite determined?
Freshly mined, lignite is tough, although not hard, and it requires a heavy blow with a hammer to break the large lumps. But on exposure to air, it loses moisture rapidly and disintegrates. Evenwhen it appears quite dry, the moisture content may be as high as 30 per cent.
Why does lignite have a high ash content?
Due to the fact that lignite deposits are geologically young they may contain plant debris. Lignite’s moisture content and volatile matter are relative high, more than 25 and more than 24% respectively, whereas its ash content ranges from 3 to 15%.
Why is lignite considered the lowest rank of coal?
It is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. It has a carbon content around 60–70 percent. It is mined all around the world, is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation, and is the coal which is most harmful to health.