Is anthracycline cardiotoxicity reversible?
Anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity has been categorised into acute, early-onset chronic progressive, and late-onset chronic progressive and is usually not reversible. The risk of clinical cardiotoxicity increases with a number of risk factors including higher total cumulative doses.
Which patient receiving an anthracycline has the highest risk of cardiotoxicity?
Cumulative doses above 500 mg/m2 in adults and >300 mg/m2 in pediatric patients are associated with a higher risk of therapy-related cardiotoxicity [4, 5].
Can cardiotoxicity be reversed?
With the exception of anthracyclines, cardiotoxicity from most targeting agents is reversible. Concomitant use of cardiotoxic drugs should be avoided, and early detection of asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction is important.
Is doxorubicin cardiotoxicity reversible?
Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity reversibility has occurred in almost two thirds of cases, but more than one third of DOX-treated patients have shown no improvement in cardiac function.
What are the symptoms of cardiac toxicity?
Symptoms of cardiac toxicity may include:
- Chest pain.
- Heart rhythm changes (arrhythmia).
- Fatigue.
- Shortness of breath.
- Weight gain.
- Swelling.
What does radiation do to your heart?
Radiation can injure the pericardium (the tissue covering the heart), myocardium (the heart muscle itself), the heart valves, coronary arteries and the heart’s electrical system. Some of the problems that may develop are: Pericarditis (inflammation of the tissue surrounding the heart)
Why does herceptin cause cardiotoxicity?
Cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab is considered to be the result of attenuated HER2-mediated signaling in the heart, culminating in decreased functionality of cardiac myocytes. HER2 appears to function as a compensatory mechanism acting against cardiac stress, such as anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
What viruses can cause myocarditis?
Viruses. Many viruses are commonly associated with myocarditis, including the viruses that cause the common cold (adenovirus); COVID-19; hepatitis B and C; parvovirus, which causes a mild rash, usually in children (fifth disease); and herpes simplex virus.
Is trastuzumab cardiotoxicity reversible?
Although the main cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab is only an asymptomatic decline in LVEF and is mostly reversible with interruption of trastuzumab or cardiac medication, some patients, especially those with cardiac risk factors, may rarely experience chronic heart failure or prolonged LVEF reduction.
What is cardiac toxicity?
What is cardiac toxicity? Damage to the heart muscle by a toxin is called cardiac toxicity. Cardiac toxicity may cause arrhythmias (changes in heart rhythm) or it can develop into heart failure.
How is cardiotoxicity treated?
The most common medications used for cardiotoxicity treatment include: Beta-blockers, which slow down a patient’s heart rate, lower a patient’s blood pressure and strengthen the heart muscle can reduce palpitations and arrhythmias, hypertension and heart failure.
Is the cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines a side effect?
Cardiotoxicity is a feared side effect that may limit the clinical use of anthracyclines. It may indeed affect the quality of life and survival of patients with cancer, regardless of oncological prognosis.
When does acute AIC occur in anthracycline therapy?
Acute AIC, occurring during the anthracycline infusion or within 1 week of therapy, is rare and reversible.
Is it safe to take anthracycline for breast cancer?
Although anthracyclines have served as the mainstay of effective cytotoxic therapy for breast cancer during the past 30 years, AIC remains a concern. Therefore, better methods for prevention, monitoring, and management of AIC are needed.
Which is the pathognomonic manifestation of anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity?
The pathognomonic manifestation of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is a hypokinetic cardiomyopathy progressively leading to heart failure, first described in 1967 ( 6 ).