How is graphene used for drug delivery?
Nanoscale graphene-based materials have also been extensively used for designing targeted and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems through either external stimulus (such as temperature, light, ultrasound waves, magnetic and electric fields), internal stimulus (such as pH, redox and enzymes) or multi-stimuli- …
What is Nano Graphene oxide?
Nano-graphene oxide (nano-GO) is a new class of carbon based materials being proposed for biomedical applications due to its small size, intrinsic optical properties, large specific surface area and easy to functionalize.
What is graphene oxide used for in medicine?
Graphene oxide (GO), an oxidized derivative of graphene, is currently used in biotechnology and medicine for cancer treatment, drug delivery, and cellular imaging. Also, GO is characterized by various physicochemical properties, including nanoscale size, high surface area, and electrical charge.
Is graphene used to treat cancer?
However, medical researchers the University of Manchester and the University of Calabria recently found another potential use for graphene – as a cancer treatment. After a series of tests uon Cancer stem cells (CSC), they discovered that graphene oxide (GO) targets and neutralizes these particularly hardy cancer cells.
Is graphene harmful to the human body?
At the level of the whole body, the authors indicate that there are two main safety factors to consider regarding exposure to CNTs and graphene. The first is their ability to generate a response by the body’s immune system; the second is their ability to cause inflammation and cancer.
How do you remove graphene oxide from the body?
Usually, GO can be washed using HCl and DI water with vacuum filtration. When the degree of oxidation of GO is high, GO present very good hydrophilicity, vacuum filtration may could not drew water out from GO suspension. In this condition, we used centrifuge to remove the acid solution.
What are the side effects of graphene oxide?
Upon interaction with light, graphene can generate reactive oxygen species, which in turn can cause oxidative stress, loss in cell functionality, pro-inflammatory responses and mitochondrial damage.
Is graphene used in medicine?
Several biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-derived materials have been proposed. Its antimicrobial properties might be useful in all areas of medicine where antiseptics are required.
Does graphene cause cancer?
Is graphene oxide a nanoparticle?
Carbon-based engineered nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO NPs), are widely available for application, but their potentially adverse health effects on humans still require investigation.
Why is graphene bad for you?
They found that the jagged edges of graphene nanoparticles, super sharp and super strong, easily pierced through cell membranes in human lung, skin and immune cells, suggesting the potential to do serious damage in humans and other animals.
What can graphene oxide be used for in cells?
Nanoscale graphene oxide has also been adopted for the delivery of anticancer drugs into biological cells 12, 17, 18, 19, aptamers for ATP probing in mouse epithelial cells, and gene delivery 15, 20, 21.
How are graphene nanosystems used to treat cancer?
Tumor microenvironment (TME) acts as a barrier to cancer drug delivery and targeting. Graphene-based nanosystems show great potential for breast cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Why is pegylated nano-graphene oxide a nanocarrier?
The presence of those reactive functional groups imparts GO with excellent aqueous solubility, biocompatibility and multi-functionalities, which is essential for the delivery of anticancer drugs 4.
How are nanoparticles used in the treatment of cancer?
These results clearly indicated that the pGO-Pt/DOX dual-drug delivery system provided the means for combination drug delivery in cancer treatment. To improve the efficacy and reduce side effects of anticancer drugs, nanoparticle drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been widely explored in the past few decades 1.