What does filamentous hemagglutinin do?
Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a primary component of acellular pertussis vaccines, is a large, β-helical, highly immunogenic protein that is both surface-associated and secreted (11-13). In vitro studies suggest that FHA functions as an adhesin (14-28), and several binding domains have been identified.
Where does filamentous haemagglutinin come from?
Filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) is the major attachment factor produced by virulent Bordetella spp. Similar to the other virulence factors, its production is tightly regulated by a two-component system in response to environmental changes.
What is a function of the B pertussis rod like protein filamentous hemagglutinin FHA in pathogenicity?
Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is a large (>200 kDa), rod-shaped protein expressed by bordetellae that is both surface-associated and secreted. FHA mediates bacterial adherence to epithelial cells and macrophages in vitro and is absolutely required for tracheal colonization in vivo.
What is Pertactin?
Pertactin is a virulence toxin of Bordetella pertussis and close relatives, such as Bordetella parapertussis. It is an outer surface membrane protein involved in the binding of B. pertussis to host cells, which aids the bacteria in infection of host cells with whooping cough.
What does tracheal cytotoxin do?
The tracheal cytotoxin is a cell wall peptidoglycan fragment and cannot be classified as an exotoxin or an endotoxin. The toxin kills ciliated epithelial cells in the respiratory tract and stimulates the release of interleukin 1 (IL-1), which acts as an endogenous pyrogen.
Is hemagglutinin a lectin?
Here we show that the sugar-binding domains in influenza virus hemagglutinin and other viral lectins share the same structural fold as human galectins (host lectins). We propose that these viral lectins originated from host lectins but have evolved to use hidden sugar-binding sites to evade host immune attacks.
What are the four methods used to identify Bordetella pertussis?
Common laboratory diagnostic methods used for pertussis diagnosis include culture, direct-fluorescent-antibody testing (DFA), serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Culture of Bordetella pertussis is highly specific but fastidious and has limited sensitivity.
Is pertussis a pathogenic bacteria?
Considering the fact that Bordetella pertussis is a strict human pathogen, the development of appropriate animal models has been challenging. However, a novel baboon infection and transmission model provides a promising new research avenue.
What does Dermonecrotic toxin do?
Bordetella dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) is a virulence factor produced by bacteria belonging to the genus Bordetella. The toxin possesses novel transglutaminase activity that catalyzes polyamination or deamidation of the small GTPases of the Rho family.
Is Bordetella pertussis a virus or bacteria?
Pertussis, a respiratory illness commonly known as whooping cough, is a very contagious disease caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. These bacteria attach to the cilia (tiny, hair-like extensions) that line part of the upper respiratory system.
Would tracheal cytotoxin be considered a virulence factor?
Of the virulence factors produced by Bordetella organisms, only tracheal cytotoxin induces paralysis and destruction of respiratory ciliated epithelium, the hallmark of pertussis disease.
Where is hemagglutinin located in a virus?
Hemagglutinin (HA) or Haemagglutinin (BE) is an antigenic glycoprotein found on the surface of the influenza viruses. It is responsible for binding the virus to the cell that is being infected.