What is hydrocracking of naphtha?
Hydrocracking is one of the most versatile refining process for converting heavy fuel oil components into naphtha, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil or high-quality lubricating oils, through the catalytic reactions under the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere.
What is a hydrocracking unit?
A hydrocracking unit, or hydrocracker, takes gas oil, which is heavier and has a higher boiling range than distillate fuel oil, and cracks the heavy molecules into distillate and gasoline in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst.
What’s the difference between hydrotreating and hydrocracking?
The key difference between hydrocracking and hydrotreating is that hydrocracking includes the conversion of high boiling constituents into low boiling constituents, whereas hydrotreating includes the removal of oxygen and other heteroatoms. Hydrocracking and hydrotreating are useful processes in petroleum oil refining.
What is HCU unit in refinery?
In a Refinery the Hydrocracking Process which occurs in the Hydrocracker Unit (HCU) is a type of hydro processing operation where heavy oil is cracked in the presence of a catalyst and Hydrogen to give cleaner fuels.
Why is hydrocracking more effective than FCC?
In a refinery, the hydrocracker upgrades VGO through cracking while injecting hydrogen. This yields a high volume of high-quality diesel and kerosene product. This is in contrast to the FCC, which uses the same feed (VGO) but produces more and better-quality gasoline.
What is the difference between hydrocracking and catalytic cracking?
The basis of catalytic cracking is carbon rejection, while hydrocracking is a hydrogen addition process. Catalyst cracking uses an acid catalyst, while hydrocracking uses a metal catalyst on acid support. Another differnce is that catalyst cracking is an endothermic process while hydrocracking is an exothermic process.
Is naphtha a carcinogen?
* High exposure can cause fatigue, lightheadedness and passing out. * Naphtha may contain Benzene, a CARCINOGEN. * Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen. * There is no evidence that Naphtha affects reproduction.
What are the two types of cracking?
Cracking is primarily of two types – thermal cracking and catalytic cracking. Thermal cracking is further categorised into modern thermal cracking and steam cracking. On the other hand, sub-classifications of catalytic methods of cracking are hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking. 3.