What are the material properties of bone?

As a result, although bone is classified as a brittle material (with the major component being mineral), its toughness is excellent. Bone’s fracture energy, Gc, is approximately 1.5 kJ m-2, which is comparable to steel at low temperatures and wood when measured parallel to the grain.

What are the biomechanical properties of bone?

Due to the anisotropic character of bone, its biomechanical properties vary as a function of the direction in which the force is applied. Thus, the bone will show different strength depending on whether forces of compression, traction or shearing are applied.

Which among the following is a mechanical property of bone?

Drying of compact bone increases its ultimate tensile strength (in the long axis of the specimen), its modulus of elasticity, and its hardness (Rockwell No.) but decreases its single shearing strength (perpendicular to the long axis of the specimen) and its tensile strain.

What are 3 properties of bone?

The fibers are impregnated with inorganic components, including crystals of calcium phosphate, such that using X-ray defraction, they are seen to be organized in a hydroxyapatite pattern (calcium phosphate is 85% by weight) as well as calcium carbonate (10%), and magnesium; by weight, bone is composed of 65-75% …

Is bone an anisotropic material?

1. Basic material properties. The material behavior of cortical bone is anisotropic. The strength and tensile/compressive moduli of cortical bone along the longitudinal direction (the direction aligned with the diaphyseal axis) are greater than those along the radial and circumferential directions (Table 1).

Is bone stronger than steel?

You might ask: Is bone stronger than steel? Bone typically has an elastic modulus that is like concrete but it’s 10 times stronger in compression. As for the stainless-steel comparison, bone has a similar compressive strength but is three times lighter.

Is bone anisotropic?

What is anisotropic property of bone?

Anisotropic Characteristics Bone tissue -Is an anisotropic material, indicating that the bone behavior will change depending on the direction of the load application. In general, the bone tissue may lead to higher loads in the longitudinal direction and a lesser quantity of load when applied over the bone surface.

What are the mechanical properties of polystyrene polymers?

The mechanical properties of a polymer include its strength, elongation, modulus, impact strength, and toughness. Crystal forms of the polymer polystyrene have low impact strength. Polystyrene polymers get degraded on exposure to sunlight, due to photo oxidation,…

How does viscosity of polystyrene relate to shear rate?

The viscosity of polystyrene, like all other non-Newtonian fluids, depends on the shear rate. It is the ratio of the shear stress to shear rate. Here are the values for the physical properties of general purpose polystyrene (GPPS).

What kind of polystyrene is used in hips?

HIPS: High impact polystyrene contains usually 5 to 10% rubber (butadiene) and is used for parts which require high(er) impact resistance. HIPS is a graft copolymer having polystyrene sidearms. The grafting occurs when some of the radicals react with the double bonds of the polybutadiene.

Why is polystyrene not a biodegradable material?

The later is used as a cross-linking agent in a large number of different polymer materials. Polystyrene is a not biodegradable plastic and resistant to photolysis. It is a major contributor to the debris in the ocean. Although recycable, polystyrene is not recycled in many parts of the world.