Is Acetoacetyl-CoA the same as acetyl-CoA?
Acetyl-CoA is Coenzyme A in which the H atom in the thiol group has been replaced by an acetyl group. Acetoacetyl-CoA is Coenzyme A in which the H atom in the thiol group has been replaced by an acetoacetyl group, CH3COCH2CO .
How is Acetoacetyl-CoA formed?
It is created from acetyl-CoA, a thioester, which reacts with the enolate of a second molecule of acetyl-CoA in a Claisen condensation reaction, and it is acted upon by HMG-CoA synthase to form HMG-CoA. During the metabolism of leucine, this last reaction is reversed.
Which reaction involves in synthesis of HMG-CoA from Acetoacetyl-CoA and enzyme bounded acetyl group?
HMGS (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–CoA synthase) catalyzes the condensation of acetoacetyl–CoA (AcAc–CoA) and acetyl–CoA (Ac-CoA) to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)–CoA in the first committed, transcriptionally regulated step in cholesterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis.
What is the function of Acetyl-CoA?
Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.
What is the function of Thiolase?
Thiolase catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to acetyl-CoA and acyl-CoA, and this enzyme is classified into two types by substrate specificity. One type is acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.
How Acetyl-CoA can be used in the body?
Acetyl CoA is used to create lipids, triglycerides, steroid hormones, cholesterol, and bile salts. Lipolysis is the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids, making them easier for the body to process.
How is acetoacetyl-CoA reduced to poly?
Acetoacetyl-CoA destined for poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis is reduced to β-hydroxybutyrate by an NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.36), then polymerized by poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) synthase.
What are the substrates and products of acetoacetyl CoA reductase?
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA and NADP +, whereas its 3 products are 3-oxoacyl-CoA, NADPH, and H + . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD + or NADP + as acceptor.
How does a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor work?
These medications work by acting as analogs to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) and are very effective in reducing LDL. From the name itself, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, interfere with the rate-limiting first step of cholesterol synthesis – the conversion of acetyl acetate into mevalonate.
How does acetoacetyl-CoA synthase work in bacteria?
The acetoacetyl-CoA synthases of certain bacteria function in a second biosynthetic process that, like isoprenoid biogenesis, results in the formation of a biopolymer. The biopolymer poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) serves as an energy reserve in certain bacteria.